Learn the dynamics and how they work with this all-in-one guide.
Dynamic markings are guidelines for volume. Most dynamic markings are in Italian.
Tip: Dynamics are relative to each other.
Basic Dynamics
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Fortississimo – Very Very Loud |
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Fortissimo – Very Loud |
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Forte – Loud |
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Mezzo-Forte – Medium Loud |
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Mezzo-Piano – Medium Soft |
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Piano – Soft |
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Pianissimo – Very Soft |
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Pianississimo – Very Very Soft |
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Crescendo – Gradually becoming Louder |
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Decrescendo/Diminuendo – Gradually becoming Softer |
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Other Dynamics
Sforzando (sfz) – Sudden, Forceful Accent
Forzando (fz) – Forceful
Marcato – Marked, Stressed
PianoForte – Soft, then Loud immediately
Sotto Voce – Soft “Voice”
Morendo – Dying Away
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